Relación longitudinal entre discapacidad y factores psicosociales en pacientes con dolor cervical crónico inespecífico
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Resumen
Objetivos: Investigar longitudinalmente las relaciones entre la discapacidad de cuello/brazo y los factores psicosociales en individuos con dolor cervical inespecífico (DCI) crónico al inicio, un mes y seis meses después de una intervención de fisioterapia estandarizada. Un objetivo secundario fue comparar los factores psicosociales de los individuos con DCI crónico con los controles sanos al inicio del estudio.
Métodos: Se reclutaron un total de sesenta y ocho individuos con DCI crónico y controles sanos. Se evaluó la discapacidad del cuello/brazo, el estrés, la ansiedad, la depresión, el catastrofismo ante el dolor, la kinesiofobia, la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y la calidad del sueño en individuos con DCI crónico. Para la evaluación transversal, se compararon los factores psicosociales con los controles sanos.
Resultados: La discapacidad del cuello/brazo y los factores psicosociales se mantuvieron sin cambios durante el estudio en individuos con DCI crónico. Además, se encontraron varias correlaciones entre la discapacidad del cuello/brazo y los factores psicosociales a lo largo del tiempo. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre grupos en estrés, ansiedad, depresión, catastrofismo, kinesiofobia, calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y calidad del sueño. Sin embargo, no hubo diferencias en el catastrofismo y la kinesiofobia entre los grupos crónicos y sanos.
Conclusiones: Los factores psicosociales tienden a mantenerse en el tiempo en los individuos con DCI crónico a pesar de recibir una intervención fisioterapéutica estandarizada. Los estudios futuros deben investigar si las intervenciones de fisioterapia individualizadas que abordan los factores psicosociales modifican el curso de la discapacidad a lo largo del tiempo en individuos con DCI crónico.
Palabras clave
- dolor cervical inespecífico
- factores psicosociales
- Discapacidad
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